【被动语态的构成及例句】在英语中,被动语态是一种重要的语法结构,用于强调动作的承受者而非执行者。与主动语态不同,被动语态的主语是动作的接受者,动词则由“be”加上过去分词构成。掌握被动语态的构成和用法,有助于更准确地表达信息,尤其在正式或书面语中更为常见。
以下是被动语态的基本构成方式及其对应的例句总结:
一、被动语态的基本构成
时态 | 构成方式 | 例句 |
一般现在时 | am/is/are + 过去分词 | The book is written by a famous author. |
一般过去时 | was/were + 过去分词 | The car was repaired yesterday. |
一般将来时 | will be + 过去分词 | The problem will be solved soon. |
现在进行时 | am/is/are being + 过去分词 | The cake is being baked now. |
过去进行时 | was/were being + 过去分词 | The letter was being written when I arrived. |
现在完成时 | have/has been + 过去分词 | The report has been submitted. |
过去完成时 | had been + 过去分词 | The work had been completed before the meeting. |
将来完成时 | will have been + 过去分词 | By next year, the building will have been finished. |
二、被动语态的使用场景
1. 当动作的执行者不重要或未知时:
例如:“The painting was sold in an auction.”(这幅画在拍卖会上被卖掉了。)
2. 当想强调动作的承受者时:
例如:“The new law was passed last week.”(新法律上周通过了。)
3. 在正式或学术写作中:
被动语态常用于避免使用“我们”或“他们”等主体,使语言更加客观。
4. 当动作的执行者是众所周知时:
例如:“The novel was written by Jane Austen.”(这本小说是简·奥斯汀写的。)
三、注意事项
- 并非所有动词都适合用于被动语态,尤其是不及物动词。
- 在某些情况下,使用主动语态会更简洁明了。
- 被动语态有时会让句子显得不够直接,因此需根据语境灵活选择。
通过了解被动语态的构成与使用方法,可以更好地提升英语表达的多样性和准确性。无论是日常交流还是书面写作,掌握这一语法点都将大有裨益。
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